Isfaham la'aanta caadiga ah marka la dooranayo PAM

Polyacrylamide(PAM), oo ah polymer flocculant oo si caadi ah loo isticmaalo, ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa xaalado kala duwan oo lagu daweeyo wasakhda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dad badan oo isticmaala ayaa ku dhacay isfaham la'aan intii lagu jiray habka xulashada iyo isticmaalka. Maqaalkani wuxuu higsanayaa inuu shaaca ka qaado isfaham la'aantan oo uu bixiyo faham sax ah iyo talooyin.

Faham la'aanta 1: Inta miisaanka molecular-ka uu weyn yahay, ayaa hufnaanta flocculation-ku ay sii kordheysaa.

Marka la dooranayo polyacrylamide, dad badan ayaa u maleynaya in qaabka leh miisaan molecular oo weyn uu leeyahay hufnaan sare oo flocculation ah. Laakiin dhab ahaantii, waxaa jira boqolaal nooc oo polyacrylamide ah, kuwaas oo ku habboon xaaladaha tayada biyaha ee kala duwan. Dabeecadda biyaha wasakhda ah ee ay soo saaraan warshadaha kala duwan way kala duwan yihiin. Qiimaha pH iyo wasakhda gaarka ah ee tayada biyaha ee kala duwan aad bay u kala duwan yihiin. Waxay noqon karaan aashito, alkaline, dhexdhexaad ah, ama waxay ka kooban yihiin saliid, walxo dabiici ah, midab, wasakh, iwm. Sidaa darteed, way adag tahay in hal nooc oo polyacrylamide ah uu daboolo dhammaan baahiyaha daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah. Habka saxda ah waa in marka hore la doorto qaabka iyada oo loo marayo tijaabooyin, ka dibna la sameeyo tijaabooyin mashiin si loo go'aamiyo qiyaasta ugu habboon si loo gaaro saameynta ugu kharash-oolsan.

Faham la'aanta 2: Inta badan ee isku-darka qaabaynta, ayaa ka sii fiican

Marka la diyaarinayo xalalka polyacrylamide, dad badan ayaa aaminsan in heerka sare ee fiirsashada, uu ka sii wanaagsan yahay sifooyinka fuuqbaxa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aragtidani sax ma aha. Xaqiiqdii, fiirsashada qaabaynta PAM waa in lagu go'aamiyaa iyadoo loo eegayo xaaladaha gaarka ah ee wasakhda iyo wasakhda. Guud ahaan, xalalka PAM oo leh fiirsasho 0.1%-0.3% ayaa ku habboon fuuqbaxa iyo fuuqbaxa, halka fiirsashada biyaha wasakhda ee degmada iyo warshadaha ay tahay 0.2%-0.5%. Marka ay jiraan wasakh aad u badan oo ku jira wasakhda, fiirsashada PAM waxaa laga yaabaa in loo baahdo in si habboon loo kordhiyo. Sidaa darteed, fiirsashada habaynta macquulka ah waa in lagu go'aamiyaa tijaabooyin ka hor isticmaalka si loo hubiyo saameynta ugu wanaagsan ee isticmaalka.

Faham la'aanta 3: Inta ay sii dheeraato wakhtiga milmida iyo walaaqidda, way sii fiicnaanaysaa.

Polyacrylamide waa walax cad oo crystalline ah oo u baahan in si buuxda loo milmo si loo gaaro saameynta ugu fiican. Dad badan ayaa u maleynaya in waqtiga milmida iyo walaaqida uu sii dheer yahay, ka sii fiican, laakiin dhab ahaantii taasi ma aha kiiska. Haddii waqtiga walaaqida uu aad u dheer yahay, waxay sababi doontaa jab qayb ah oo silsiladda molecular-ka ee PAM waxayna saameyn ku yeelan doontaa waxqabadka flocculation-ka. Guud ahaan, waqtiga milmida iyo walaaqida waa inaysan ka yaraan 30 daqiiqo waana in si habboon loo kordhiyaa marka heerkulku hooseeyo jiilaalka. Haddii waqtiga milmida iyo walaaqida uu aad u gaaban yahay, PAM si buuxda looma milmi doono, taasoo keeni doonta awood la'aanta inay si wax ku ool ah u sameyso flocculation degdeg ah oo wasakhda ah. Sidaa darteed, isticmaalayaashu waa inay hubiyaan waqti ku filan oo walaaqida iyo walaaqida ah marka ay isticmaalayaan si loo hubiyo saameynta flocculation-ka ee PAM.

Faham la'aan 4: Darajada Ionic/Ionic waa saldhigga kaliya ee xulashada

Mid ka mid ah tilmaamayaasha muhiimka ah ee polyacrylamide, ionicity waxaa loola jeedaa kharashka ionic ee taban iyo togan iyo cufnaanta dallacaadda. Dad badan ayaa aad u fiiro gaar ah u leh ionicity-ga marka ay wax iibsanayaan, iyagoo u maleynaya in sare u kaca uu ka wanaagsan yahay. Laakiin dhab ahaantii, heerka ionicity-gu wuxuu la xiriiraa cabbirka miisaanka molecular-ka. Inta uu sare u kaco ionicity-gu, miisaanka molecular-ka ayaa yar, qiimahana wuu sarreeyaa. Habka xulashada, marka lagu daro ionicity-ga, waxaa loo baahan yahay in la tixgeliyo arrimo kale, sida xaaladaha tayada biyaha ee gaarka ah, shuruudaha saamaynta flocculation-ka, iwm. Sidaa darteed, qaabka laguma dooran karo oo keliya heerka ionization-ka. Baaritaan dheeraad ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo go'aamiyo qaabka loo baahan yahay.

Sidaflocculant, polyacrylamide waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa warshadaha daaweynta biyaha. Marka aad u baahato inaad doorato qeexitaannada kugu habboon, fadlan ila soo xiriir.