Hawlaha daaweynta biyaha ee warshadaha iyo codsiyada kiimikada
Aasaas
Iyada oo la adeegsanayo horumarinta deg-degga ah ee warshadaha, muhiimada biyaha daaweynta ee wax soo saar warshadeed oo kala duwan ayaa si isdaba joog ah u muuqata. Daaweynta biyaha ee warshadaha kaliya maahan xiriir muhiim ah oo lagu hubinayo horumarka si habsami leh ee hawsha, laakiin sidoo kale qaliin muhiim ah oo lagu daboolayo qawaaniinta deegaanka iyo shuruudaha horumarka waara.
Nooca daaweynta biyaha
| Nooca daaweynta biyaha | Ujeedada ugu weyn | Waxyaabaha daweynta ugu weyn | Hababka ugu waaweyn. |
| Biyaha ceeriin | Buuxi shuruudaha biyaha gudaha ama warshadaha | Biyaha biyaha ee dabiiciga ah | Firetration, faaruq, isku-darka. |
| Geerida daaweynta biyaha | Buuxi shuruudaha habaynta gaarka ah | Biyaha hanaanka warshadaha | Jilicsanaanta, farniin, deoxyyection. |
| Wareejinta daaweynta biyaha qaboojinta | Hubso hawlgalka caadiga ah ee qalabka | Wareejinta biyaha qaboojinta | Qaadashada daaweynta. |
| Daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah | Ilaali deegaanka | Wasakhda wasakhda ah | Jireed, kiimiko, daaweyn bayooloji. |
| Daaweynta biyaha dib loo warshadeeyay | Yaree isticmaalka biyaha cusub | Biyo la isticmaalo | La mid ah daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah. |
Kiimikada daaweynta biyaha ee caadiga ah ee loo isticmaalo
| Dabaqad | Kiimikada inta badan loo isticmaalo | Shaqayn |
| Wakiilka loo yaqaan | PAC, PAM, PDADMAC, POLKAMINES, aluminium sulfate, iwm. | Ka saar adkaynta adag iyo arinta dabiiciga ah |
| Jeermisyada jeermiska | sida TCCA, SDIC, ozone, chlorine dioxide, kaalshiyam hypochlorite, iwm | Waxay ku dishaa sheybaarka biyaha ku jira biyaha (sida bakteeriyada, fayrasyada, fangaska iyo borotopoa) |
| ph wordster | Aminosulfonic acid, Xoh, lime, aashitada sulfuric, iwm. | Nidaaminta biyaha pH |
| Goynta ION ee ION | Edta, ion isweydaarsiga ion | Ka saar ionska birta culus (sida birta, naxaas, sunta rasaasta, sunmium, meerkurida, nikkel, iwm) iyo iwm kale oo bir ah |
| Isna jooji | Alophophosphosphosphosphosphospates, aashitada carbophosylus-ka | Looga hortago abuurista cabirka kaalshiyamka iyo magnesium ions. Sidoo kale waxay leedahay saameyn gaar ah oo ka saarista ionsiga birta ah |
| Dexidizer | Sodium Sulfite, hydrazine, iwm. | Ka saar oksijiinta kala goynta si aad uga hortagto sunta oksijiinta |
| Wakiilka nadiifinta | Citric acid, sulfuric acid, aminosulfonic acid | Ka saar cabirka iyo ciladaha |
| Oxiks | Ozone, dessuaadfate, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen peroxide, iwm. | Jeermis dila, ka saarida saxaradaha iyo hagaajinta tayada biyaha, iwm. |
| Jilicsanaanta | sida lime iyo sodium carbonate. | Waxay meesha ka saartaa ion-yada adag (kaalshiyamka, ions magnesium) waxayna yareysaa halista qaab dhismeedka |
| Defcasers/Ka hor diinelyo | Xakameyn ama tirtir xumbo | |
| Ritaan | Kaalshiyam hypochlorite | Ka saar NHE-n biyo-wasakh ah si aad uga dhigto mid ka soo baxa heerarka bixitaanka |
Waxaan bixin karnaa:
Daaweynta biyaha warshadaha waxaa loola jeedaa geedi socodka daaweynta biyaha warshadaha iyo biyaha dheecaanka iyada oo loo marayo jireed, kiimiko, bayooloji iyo habab kale. Daaweynta biyuhu waa qayb lama huraan ah oo ka mid ah waxsoosaarka warshadaha, oo ahmiyaddeeda ayaa laga muujinayaa dhinacyada soo socda:
1.1 Hubso tayada wax soo saarka
Ka saar wasakhda biyaha sida ionsiga birta, cunnooyinka adkaha ah, iwm. Si loo buuxiyo baahiyaha wax soo saarka oo loo hubiyo tayada wax soo saarka.
Xarig la joojiyo: Kala dir oksijiinka, kaarboon dioxide, iwm
Xakamee sheyga: bakteeriyada, algae iyo sheyga kale ee biyaha ku jira waxay sababi karaan faddaraynta badeecada, oo saamaynaya tayada wax soo saarka iyo badbaadada caafimaadka.
1.2 Hagaajinta hufnaanta wax soo saarka
Hoos u dhig Hooska: Daaweynta biyo ee caadiga ah waxay si wax ku ool ah uga hortagi kartaa isbadalka qalabka iyo burburka, yareynta inta jeer ee dayactirka qalabka iyo bedelka, sidaas darteedna loo wanaajiyo hufnaanta wax soo saarka.
Kordhin shuruudaha habka: iyada oo loo marayo daaweynta biyaha, tayada biyaha, tayada biyaha ee buuxisa shuruudaha nidaamka waxaa laga heli karaa si loo hubiyo xasilloonida geedi socodka wax soo saarka.
1.3 Yaree qiimaha wax soo saarka
Kaydso Tamarta: Daaweynta biyaha, isticmaalka tamarta qalabka ayaa la dhimi karaa kharashyada wax soo saarka oo la badbaadin karo.
Kahortaga kala-baxa: ioneral ionssium sida kaalshiyamka iyo magnesium ionit oo biyo ku jira waxay sameyn doonaan cabirka, u hogaansanaanta dusha qalabka, yareynta hufnaanta kuleylka.
Kordhi nolosha qalabka
Yaree isticmaalka maaddada: iyada oo loo marayo daaweynta biyaha, qashinka biioides waa la dhimi karaa kharashyada waxsoosaarkana waa la dhimi karaa kharashyada wax soo saarka.
Yaree isticmaalka alaabta ceyriinka ah
1.4 Ilaali deegaanka
Yaree qiiqa wasaqda wasaqda: Ka dib marka la daweeyo wasakhda warshadaha, ururinta qiiqa wasakhooyinka waa la yareyn karaa jawiga biyuhuna waa la ilaalin karaa.
Galiso dib-u-warshadaynta ilaha biyaha: iyada oo loo marayo daaweynta biyaha, biyaha warshadaha waa dib loo warshadeyn karaa oo ku tiirsanaanta ilaha biyaha cusub ayaa la dhimi karaa.
1.5 U hoggaansanaanta qawaaniinta deegaanka
Kulliyo Heerarka Bixinta
Marka la soo koobo, daaweynta biyaha warshadaha kaliya ma aha oo keliya tayada wax soo saarka iyo waxtarka wax soo saarka, laakiin sidoo kale in la siiyo macaashka dhaqaalaha iyo ilaalinta shirkada. Iyada oo loo marayo daweynta sayniska iyo kuwa macquulka ah ee biyaha, adeegsiga ugu fiican ee ilaha biyaha lagu gaari karo iyo horumarka waara ee warshadaha waa la dallaci karaa.
Daaweynta biyaha warshadaha waxay dabooshaa meelo badan oo kala duwan, oo ay kujirto awood, kiimiko, warshadaha, warshadaha cuntada, iwm. Hannaanka daaweynta ayaa badanaa loo habeeyay iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudaha tayada biyaha iyo heerarka bixitaanka biyaha.
2.1 Daaweyn saameysan (ka-hortagga biyaha ee ceyriinka)
Biyaha ceeriin ee daaweynta waraaqaha warshadaha badiyaa waxaa ka mid ah fidinta aasaasiga ah, isku-darka, flo-ka, dareeraha, dib-u-dhigga, dib-u-habeynta, ka saarida ion ee birta ah iyo ka saarida ion. Kiimikada badanaa la isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ah:
cogagulules iyo Flocculas: sida PAC, Pam, Phadmac, polymam, sulmate sulliya, iwm.
sitents: sida lime iyo sodium carbonate.
Dinfects: sida TCCA, SDCIC, kaalshiyam hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, iwm.
Ganacsadaha 'ph': sida aminosulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, lime, aashitada sulfuric, iwm.
metal ion dib u soo kabashada, ion isweydaarsiga resin iwm.
scale Haffiytoto: Ururo-yaqaanka, aashitada loo yaqaan 'organiophosprosprous', iwm.
adsberberate: sida kaarboon firfircoon, alumina firfircoon, iwm.
Isku-darka iyo adeegsiga kiimikooyinkan ayaa ka caawin kara daaweynta biyaha warshadaha si wax ku ool ah uga saarida arrinta hakinta, ionshadaha dabiiciga ah iyo sheybaarka biyuhu waxay la kulmaan baahiyaha wax soo saarka, iyo yaraynta culeyska soo-saarka.
2.2 Taageerista biyaha
Ka baaraandeg daaweynta biyaha ee daaweynta warshadaha ee waraaqaha ee badanaa waxaa ka mid ah ka-hortagga, jilcinta, daah-furnaanta, xarkaha birta iyo mangase, qurxinta, jiidista iyo jeermis-ka-qaadista. Tallaabo kastaa wuxuu u baahan yahay kiimikooyin kaladuwan si kor loogu qaado tayada biyaha loona hubiyo hawlgalka caadiga ah ee qalabka warshadaha kala duwan. Kiimikooyinka caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah:
| Colulats iyo Flocculas: | sida PAC, Pam, Phadmac, polymam, aluminium sulfate, iwm. |
| Jilicsanaanta: | sida lime iyo sodium carbonate. |
| Jeermisyada jeermisyada: | sida TCCA, SDIC, kaalshiyamka hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, iwm. |
| Dib-u-habeynta Ph: | sida aminosulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, lime, sulfuric acid, iwm. |
| Goynta ION ee ION ee ION: | Edta, ion isweydaarsiga ion |
| ISTICMAALKA: | alophophosphosphosphosphospates, aashitada caruusadda ee-organiophosylus, iwm. |
| Adsorbers: | sida kaarboon firfircoon, alumina firfircoon, iwm. |
Kiimikooyinkan ayaa buuxin kara baahiyaha kaladuwan ee biyaha ee biyaha iyada oo loo marayo isku dhafka geedi socodka daaweynta daaweynta ee kaladuwan, waxay hubiyaan in tayada biyuhu ay la kulmaan heerarka wax soo saarka, yareynta halista waxyeellada qalabka, iyo hagaajinta hufnaanta wax soo saarka.
2.3 Wareejinta Daaweynta Biyaha qaboojinta
Wareejinta Daaweynta Biyaha ee qaboojinta waa qayb aad u muhiim ah oo ka mid ah daaweynta warshadaha ee warshadaha, gaar ahaan tas-hiilaadka warshadaha (sida dhirta kiimikada, dhirta korantada, dhirta birta, halka nidaamyada biyaha qaboojiyaha loo isticmaalo qaboojinta qalabka iyo habraaca. Gudbinta Nidaamyada Biyaha ee Qaboojinta ayaa u nugul isbadalka, hubinta, kobaca microbial iyo dhibaatooyinka kale sababtuna ay tahay mugga biyaha weyn iyo wareegga badan. Sidaa darteed, hababka daaweynta biyaha ee waxtarka leh waa in loo adeegsadaa xakameynta dhibaatooyinkaas oo ay hubiyaan hawlgalka xasilloon ee nidaamka.
Wareejinta Daaweynta Biyaha ee qaboojinta ayaa ujeedadoodu tahay in laga hortago is-kala-baxa, hubinta iyo wasakhojiga bayoolaji ee nidaamka oo ay hubiyaan hufnaanta qaboojinta. La soco cabbirrada ugu weyn ee biyo qaboojinta biyaha (sida pH, adkaanta, baabba ', kala diri oksijiin, microorganinism, iwm) oo ay falanqeeyaan dhibaatooyinka tayada biyaha ee daaweynta la bartilmaameedsaday.
| Colulats iyo Flocculas: | sida PAC, Pam, Phadmac, polymam, aluminium sulfate, iwm. |
| Jilicsanaanta: | sida lime iyo sodium carbonate. |
| Jeermisyada jeermisyada: | sida TCCA, SDIC, kaalshiyamka hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, iwm. |
| Dib-u-habeynta Ph: | sida aminosulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, lime, sulfuric acid, iwm. |
| Goynta ION ee ION ee ION: | Edta, ion isweydaarsiga ion |
| ISTICMAALKA: | alophophosphosphosphosphospates, aashitada caruusadda ee-organiophosylus, iwm. |
| Adsorbers: | sida kaarboon firfircoon, alumina firfircoon, iwm. |
Kiimikooyinkan kiimikooyinka iyo qaababka daaweynta ayaa ka hortagaya kala-goynta, wasakhda, iyo faddaraynta microbial, in la hubiyo in hawlgalka muddada dheer ee xasilloonida ee nidaamka biyaha qaboojinta, yareynta waxyeelada qalabka iyo isticmaalka tamarta, iyo hagaajinta nidaamka hufnaanta nidaamka.
2.4 Daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah
Geedi socodka daaweynta wasakhda ah ee warshadaha ayaa loo qaybin karaa heerar badan iyadoo loo eegayo astaamaha wasakhda wasakhda ah iyo ujeeddooyinka aashitada, ka-saaridda aashitada, ka-saaridda aashitada, injirta iyo jeermis-ka-qaadista iyo jeermis-ku-qaadista, daaweynta wasakhda ah iyo daaweynta biyaha dib loo rogay. Isku xirka kastaa wuxuu u baahan yahay kiimikooyin kaladuwan si ay uga wada shaqeeyaan si loo hubiyo hufnaanta iyo gebi ahaanba ee hanaanka daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah.
Daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah ayaa loo qaybiyaa seddex habab oo waaweyn: jireed, kiimiko, kiimiko iyo bayoolaji, si loo buuxiyo heerarka ka soo baxa oo yaree wasakhowga jawiga.
Qaabka Jirka:faaruqinta, qulqulka, flotation, iwm.
Qaabka kiimikada:ka takhalusidda, repox, roobka kiimikada.
Habka noolaha:Habka jilicsan ee firfircoon, xuubka birtaeactor (MBR), iwm.
Kiimikooyinka caanka ah waxaa ka mid ah:
| Colulats iyo Flocculas: | sida PAC, Pam, Phadmac, polymam, aluminium sulfate, iwm. |
| Jilicsanaanta: | sida lime iyo sodium carbonate. |
| Jeermisyada jeermisyada: | sida TCCA, SDIC, kaalshiyamka hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxide, iwm. |
| Dib-u-habeynta Ph: | sida aminosulfonic acid, sodium hydroxide, lime, sulfuric acid, iwm. |
| Goynta ION ee ION ee ION: | Edta, ion isweydaarsiga ion |
| ISTICMAALKA: | alophophosphosphosphosphospates, aashitada caruusadda ee-organiophosylus, iwm. |
| Adsorbers: | sida kaarboon firfircoon, alumina firfircoon, iwm. |
Iyada oo loo marayo adeegsiga wax ku oolka ah ee kiimikooyinkan, wasakhda warshadaha waa la daaweyn karaa lagana saari karaa iyada oo loo hoggaansamo heerarka, iyo xitaa dib loo isticmaalo yareynta wasakhowga deegaanka iyo isticmaalka ilaha biyaha ee biyaha.
2.5 Daaweynta Biyaha dib loo warshadeeyay
Daaweynta biyaha dib loo warshadeeyay waxaa loola jeedaa hab maaraynta kheyraadka biyaha ee lagu celiyo wasakhda warshadaha ka dib daaweynta. Iyada oo la kordhiyo ilaha biyaha ee sii kordhaya, beero badan oo warshadeed ayaa qaatay talaabooyin daaweyn biyo ah oo dib loo rogay, oo aan kaliya badbaadin karin ilaha biyaha, laakiin sidoo kale waxay yareysaa qiimaha daaweynta iyo dheecaanka. Furaha daaweynta dib loo warshadeeyo waa in meesha laga saaro wasakhda wasakhda wasakhda ah si tayada biyuhu ay u buuxiyaan shuruudaha dib-u-isticmaalka, taas oo u baahan saxsanaanta sare iyo tikniyoolajiyadda.
Geedi socodka daaweynta biyaha dib loo warshadeeyay badiyaa waxaa ku jira talaabooyinka soo socda ee soo socda:
Jir ahaan:Ka saar walxaha waaweyn ee ciladaha iyo dufanka, adoo adeegsanaya PAC, Pam, iwm.
FARSAMADA PH:Hagaajinta pH, kiimikooyinka badanaa la isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ah sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, kalsiyum hydroxide, iwm.
Daaweynta Bayooloji:Ka saar arrinta dabiiciga ah, taageerada xaalufinta microbial, isticmaal jilo amnium-ka, sodium Dhoobodregen-ka, iwm.
Daaweynta kiimikada:Ka kaxaynta arinta dabiiciga ah iyo biraha culus, oo caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo ozone, dessangate, sodium sulfide, iwm.
XUQUUQDA XAQIIQADA:Adeegso osmosis-ka dib-u-soo-noqoshada, nanofilration, iyo tikniyoolajiyadda ultrafilltration si looga saaro walxaha la mideeyo oo hubi in tayada biyaha.
Jeermis-ka-qaad:Ka saar sheyga, isticmaal koloriin, ozone, kaalshiyam hypochlorite, iwm.
Korjoogteynta iyo hagaajinta:Hubso in biyaha dib loo adeegsaday uu la kulmo heerarka oo uu u adeegsado sharci-darrooyinka iyo la socodka qalabka si loo habeeyo.
Dambiilayaasha:Waxay xakameeyaan ama baabi'iyaan xumbo iyadoo la dhimo dusha sare ee xiisadda dusha ee dareeraha iyo baabi'inta xasilloonida xumbada xumbo. (Salato arjiga eefeeyeyaasha: Nidaamyada Daawooyinka Bayoolojiyada, Daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah, daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah, daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah, daaweynta biyaha wasakhda ah, iwm.)
Kaalshiyam hypochlorite:Waxay ka saaraan wasawadaha sida ammonia nitrogen
Codsiga hababkan iyo kiimikooyinkan waxay xaqiijineysaa in tayada biyo wasakhda ah ee la daweeyey ay la jaan qaadaan heerarka dib-u-isticmaalka, taasoo u oggolaaneysa in si hufan loogu isticmaalo wax soo saarka warshadaha.
Daaweynta biyaha warshadaha waa qeyb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka warshadaha casriga ah. Geeddi-socodka iyo xulashada kiimikada ayaa u baahan in lagu hagaajiyo iyadoo la raacayo shuruudaha geedi socodka gaarka ah. Codsiga gaarka ah ee kiimikada ah kaliya ma fiicnaan karo saameynta daaweynta, laakiin waxay yareeyaan qarashyada oo yareynaya saameynta jawiga deegaanka. Mustaqbalka, hormarinta tikniyoolajiyadda iyo hagaajinta shuruudaha ilaalinta deegaanka, daaweynta biyaha warshadaha waxay ku horumarin doontaa jihada caqliga badan iyo cagaaran.